Research into brain activity and cognitive processes in older adults
As people age, their cognitive abilities – such as memory and attention – change. Sometimes these changes can be early signs of more serious cognitive impairments that may lead to pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Early detection of cognitive impairments is particularly important, as it allows for timely intervention and support for groups at risk.
Agnese Ušacka, Lecturer (acting) MSc. at the RSU Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, tells us about the study she is conducting together with her colleagues: Kristīne Šneidere (Lead Researcher), Ainārs Stepens (Project Manager), Nauris Zdanovskis (Lead Researcher), Zane Anna Litauniece (Research Assistant) and Zigmunds Freibergs (Research Assistant).
The aim of the study is early detection
The study is being conducted in the field of cognitive ageing. In this project, we are not so much studying impairments (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease) as examining participants with different levels of cognitive functioning, including those with diagnoses. In the project Modifiable Bio and Lifestyle Markers for Predicting Cognitive Decline (MOBILE-COG), a simple, non-invasive method is used to identify early alarm signs of cognitive decline by measuring brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG).
So far, data from 50 participants has been analysed, and is actively being collected more, with results expected later this summer. EEG involves placing sensors on the scalp to record the electrical activity of brain cells. During the EEG recording, participants perform cognitive tasks that require attention. This method measures a specific electrical signal called the P300 wave.
Research shows that differences in the P300 wave – particularly in its amplitude and latency – can distinguish healthy individuals from those with mild cognitive impairments.
People with cognitive impairments tend to exhibit smaller and delayed P300 waves, indicating reduced brain energy and slower information processing.
Photo courtesy of the project
From awareness to action
By identifying these subtle changes at an early stage, we hope to pave the way for broader cognitive testing and enable proactive measures to prevent further cognitive decline. These may include lifestyle changes, cognitive exercises, or other interventions to support brain health and enhance the quality of life for older adults.
